Tulia Tornado Damage Survey Findings
(From 21 April 2007 Thunderstorm)
29 Jan, 2009 Update: A 2008 research paper by Blair, et al., examines wind and pressure observations within the tornado vortex. To view this paper, please click HERE.
Tornado #3: Tulia tornado Rated: EF-2 (max winds 125-135 mph) Path length: 3.5 miles Max width: 200 yards Tornado began at 7:57 p.m. and ended at 8:01 p.m. With zero fatalities/3 injuries.
The tornado originated near the power plant at the intersection of Broadway and U.S. 87 and continued north across the west side of Tulia before dissipating just northeast of the Tulia/Swisher County Municipal Airport.
Significant damage was observed along U.S. 87 with numerous impacts to businesses. The most significant damage occurred at a local supermarket at the intersection of U.S. 87 and 6th Street. A large portion of the roof was removed on the east side of the structure...with one exterior wall collapsed inward. A portion of the roof corner on the southwest side of the building had collapsed. In addition...a portion of the northwest exterior wall had collapsed. This damage was consistent with wind speeds of 125 to 135 mph.
The local auto dealership...located to the south of the supermarket...sustained a large amount of damage. Forty-one vehicles received damage mainly from flying debris. A motor home on the property was overturned from southeast to northwest. A large overhead door on the east side failed resulting in additional failure to the west wall. A large storage container was blown into the southwest corner of the building collapsing a portion of the roof. The damage was consistent with wind speeds of 95 to 105 mph.
A large metal building also sustained major damage with the failure of four large overhead doors and buckling of roof purlins on the south side of the building. The damage was consistent with wind speeds of 110 to 120 mph.
Moderate damage was observed to the north and northeast of the supermarket entering a residential portion of town. Damage occurred to a mobile home community between 8th and 9th Streets just west of Highland Elementary School. A total of five mobile homes were impacted...two of which were completely destroyed. The walls and roofs separated with the undercarriage separated and twisted. Debris was blown to the west northwest toward the center of the tornado circulation. The damage was consistent with wind speeds of 85 to 95 mph for the damaged mobile homes...and 105 to 125 mph for the destroyed mobile homes.
The most significant residential damage occurred in a subdivision along Northwest 9th through Northwest 11 Streets. Across this area along Northwest 9th Street...the northerly circulation around the tornado penetrated the garage doors on several homes forcing the observed roof damage. The debris from these homes was scattered to the south in an adjacent field.
The tornado damage north of this area...along Northwest 10th Street...was sporadic as the circulation patterns within the tornado fluctuated. The damage became more significant and pronounced along Northwest 11th Street just west of airport road. Several homes were damaged along 11th Streett...with significant roofs torn off and failure to some exterior walls noted the first three residences. Debris from these homes was scattered to the north and northwest in an adjacent field. The damage was consistent with wind speeds ranging from 100 to 110 mph to the moderately damaged homes...and ranging from 125 to 135 mph on the significantly damaged homes closer to airport road. As the tornado progressed to the north and northeast from this area...reports indicated the tornado became larger. Weak to moderate damage was noted to farm houses on CR13...as well as center pivots and storage structures to the east and northeast of the Tulia/Swisher County Municipal Airport. The damage was consistent with wind speeds of 95 to 105 mph. The National Weather Service in Lubbock would like to thank all of those involved in providing detailed information to the NWS survey team. The assessment would not have been complete without the efforts of local emergency response officials...media... and the residents of Olton and Tulia. In addition...the NWS damage survey benefited from collaboration with a Texas Tech University civil engineering professor. The professor is a leading expert who served as a developer of the Enhanced Fujita Scale for rating tornado damage. Below are additional aerial and ground based pictures taken from the Tulia area on 22 April 2007.